Most of the synonyms give a negative sense: contempt ( Psalm 31:18 ) wrongdoing ( Job 33:17 ) trust ( Psalm 62:10 ) arrogance ( Prov 8:13 Isaiah 2:11 Isaiah 2:17 9:9 ) insolence ( Isa 16:6 ) and conceit ( Jer 48:29 ). In one instance the positive phrase "everlasting pride" describes the status of a restored Zion ( Isa 60:15 ). Most of the adjectives joined with "pride" in the Old Testament are negative in connotation, including words such as "stubborn" ( Lev 26:19 ), "overweening" ( Isa 16:6 ), "willful" ( Isa 10:12 ), and "great" ( Jer 13:9 ). Thus, in the Old Testament books, the prideful are generally associated with the wicked, the arrogant, the presumptuous, and those who are insolent toward God. When the prophets accuse Israel of pride ( Jer 13:9 Ezekiel 7:10 Ezekiel 7:20 16:56 Hosea 5:5 7:10 Amos 6:8 8:7 Zeph 2:10 ), the word hybristes connotes a wanton, insolent person. The Septuagint uses hyperephanos, meaning one who is insolent, presumptuous, or arrogant, a scoffer or a mocker ( Psalms 119:21 Psalms 119:51 Prov 3:34 ). In the Wisdom literature, "the proud" are distinct from "the righteous" and "the humble." Here the term is applied to non-Israelites, rather than to Israel. What constitutes a "proud" person? The negative sense points to a sinful individual who shifts ultimate confidence from God to self. Five references are in poetical texts ( Job 35:12 Psalm 10:2 17:10 73:8 Prov 8:13 ), and three others are found in Deuteronomy 1:43 1 Samuel 2:3 15:23. A classic text includes the words "pride," "conceit," "arrogance," and "haughtiness" ( Jer 48:29 ).įifteen Old Testament texts ( NIV) contain the word "arrogance, " nearly half of them (7) in the prophets ( Isa 2:17 9:9 13:11 Jer 13:15 48:29 Ezek 7:10 Hosea 5:5 7:10 ). There is pride of the eyes ( Psalm 101:5 Isa 5:15 ) of the heart ( Ezekiel 28:2 Ezekiel 28:5 Ezekiel 28:17 ) of the spirit ( Prov 16:18 Eccl 7:8 ) and of one's mouth/speech ( 1 Sam 2:3 ). Pride is both a disposition/attitude and a type of conduct.Ī synonym gaba means "to be high." While used in a variety of senses, the normal meaning is pride or arrogance, in particular "an inner attitude of pride," often linked with parts of the human body ( Isaiah 2:11 Isaiah 2:17 ).
Included are the ideas of arrogance, cynical insensitivity to the needs of others, and presumption.
The main Hebrew root is gh the most common term is gaon, which occurs a total of twenty-three times. "Pride" is found mainly in the prophets and the books of poetry. While pride is sometimes used in the Old Testament in a positive sense (i.e., the "pride" of the land of Israel or, God's "pride/majesty/excellency" ), its negative sense predominates, occurring in sixty-one texts. Bible Dictionaries - Baker's Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology - Pride Pride
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